PGSQL_TABLE(5)                                                  PGSQL_TABLE(5)

NAME
       pgsql_table - Postfix PostgreSQL client configuration

SYNOPSIS
       postmap -q "string" pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename

       postmap -q - pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

DESCRIPTION
       The  Postfix  mail system uses optional tables for address
       rewriting or mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm
       or db format.

       Alternatively,  lookup  tables  can  be specified as Post-
       greSQL databases.  In order  to  use  PostgreSQL  lookups,
       define  a  PostgreSQL source as a lookup table in main.cf,
       for example:
           alias_maps = pgsql:/etc/pgsql-aliases.cf

       The file /etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf has the same format
       as  the  Postfix main.cf file, and can specify the parame-
       ters described below.

BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
       For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables,  Post-
       greSQL  parameters  can  also  be  defined in main.cf.  In
       order to do that, specify as PostgreSQL source a name that
       doesn't  begin  with  a  slash  or  a dot.  The PostgreSQL
       parameters will then be  accessible  as  the  name  you've
       given the source in its definition, an underscore, and the
       name of the parameter.  For example, if the map is  speci-
       fied  as  "pgsql:pgsqlname",  the  parameter "hosts" below
       would be defined in main.cf as "pgsqlname_hosts".

       Note: with this form, the  passwords  for  the  PostgreSQL
       sources  are  written in main.cf, which is normally world-
       readable.  Support for this form  will  be  removed  in  a
       future Postfix version.

       Postfix  2.2  has  enhanced query interfaces for MySQL and
       PostgreSQL, these include  features  previously  available
       only  in the Postfix LDAP client. In the new interface the
       SQL query  is  specified  via  a  single  query  parameter
       (described  in  more  detail  below).   In Postfix 2.1 the
       parameter  precedence  was,  from   highest   to   lowest,
       select_function, query and finally select_field, ...

       With  Postfix  2.2  the query parameter has highest prece-
       dence, and is used in preference to the  still  supported,
       but    slated   to   be   phased   out,   select_function,
       select_field, table, where_field and additional_conditions
       parameters. To migrate to the new interface set:

           query = SELECT select_function('%s')

       or  in the absence of selection_function, the lower prece-
       dence:

           query = SELECT select_field
               FROM table
               WHERE where_field = '%s'
                   additional_conditions

       Use the value, not the name,  of  each  legacy  parameter.
       Note  that the additional_conditions parameter is optional
       and if not empty, will always start with AND.

LIST MEMBERSHIP
       When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydes-
       tination,  $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it
       is important to understand that the table must store  each
       list  member  as a separate key. The table lookup verifies
       the *existence* of the  key.  See  "Postfix  lists  versus
       tables"  in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.

       Do NOT create tables that return the full list of  domains
       in  $mydestination or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses
       in $mynetworks.

       DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with
       an  arbitrary value. With SQL databases it is not uncommon
       to return the key itself or a constant value.

PGSQL PARAMETERS
       hosts  The hosts that Postfix will try to connect  to  and
              query from.  Specify unix: for UNIX-domain sockets,
              inet: for TCP connections (default).  Example:
                  hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain
                  hosts = unix:/file/name

              The hosts are tried in random order, with all  con-
              nections  over  UNIX  domain  sockets  being  tried
              before those over TCP.  The connections  are  auto-
              matically  closed  after  being  idle  for  about 1
              minute, and are re-opened as necessary.

              NOTE: the unix: and inet: prefixes are accepted for
              backwards  compatibility  reasons, but are actually
              ignored.  The PostgreSQL client library will always
              try to connect to an UNIX socket if the name starts
              with a slash, and will try a TCP connection  other-
              wise.

       user, password
              The  user  name  and password to log into the pgsql
              server.  Example:
                  user = someone
                  password = some_password

       dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
                  dbname = customer_database

       query  The SQL query template used to search the database,
              where %s is a substitute for the address Postfix is
              trying to resolve, e.g.
                  query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

              This parameter supports the  following  '%'  expan-
              sions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.
                     (Postfix 2.2 and later)

              %s     This is replaced  by  the  input  key.   SQL
                     quoting  is used to make sure that the input
                     key does not add unexpected  metacharacters.

              %u     When the input key is an address of the form
                     user@domain,  %u  is  replaced  by  the  SQL
                     quoted  local  part  of the address.  Other-
                     wise, %u is replaced by  the  entire  search
                     string.   If  the  localpart  is  empty, the
                     query is suppressed and returns no  results.

              %d     When the input key is an address of the form
                     user@domain,  %d  is  replaced  by  the  SQL
                     quoted  domain  part of the address.  Other-
                     wise, the query is suppressed and returns no
                     results.

              %[SUD] The  upper-case  equivalents  of  the  above
                     expansions behave  in  the  query  parameter
                     identically  to  their  lower-case  counter-
                     parts.   With  the  result_format  parameter
                     (see  below),  they  expand  the  input  key
                     rather than the result value.

                     The above  %S,  %U  and  %D  expansions  are
                     available with Postfix 2.2 and later

              %[1-9] The  patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by
                     the corresponding most significant component
                     of  the input key's domain. If the input key
                     is user@mail.example.com, then %1 is com, %2
                     is  example and %3 is mail. If the input key
                     is  unqualified  or  does  not  have  enough
                     domain  components to satisfy all the speci-
                     fied patterns, the query is  suppressed  and
                     returns no results.

                     The  above  %1, ... %9 expansions are avail-
                     able with Postfix 2.2 and later

              The domain parameter  described  below  limits  the
              input  keys  to addresses in matching domains. When
              the domain parameter is non-empty, SQL queries  for
              unqualified  addresses or addresses in non-matching
              domains are suppressed and return no results.

              The precedence of this parameter has  changed  with
              Postfix  2.2, in prior releases the precedence was,
              from highest  to  lowest,  select_function,  query,
              select_field, ...

              With  Postfix  2.2  the query parameter has highest
              precedence, see COMPATIBILITY above.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

       result_format (default: %s)
              Format  template applied to result attributes. Most
              commonly used to append (or prepend)  text  to  the
              result.  This  parameter supports the following '%'
              expansions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

              %s     This  is replaced by the value of the result
                     attribute.  When  result  is  empty  it   is
                     skipped.

              %u     When   the  result  attribute  value  is  an
                     address  of  the  form  user@domain,  %u  is
                     replaced  by  the local part of the address.
                     When the result has an empty localpart it is
                     skipped.

              %d     When  a result attribute value is an address
                     of the form user@domain, %d is  replaced  by
                     the domain part of the attribute value. When
                     the result is unqualified it is skipped.

              %[SUD1-9]
                     The upper-case and decimal digit  expansions
                     interpolate  the  parts  of  the  input  key
                     rather than the result.  Their  behavior  is
                     identical  to that described with query, and
                     in fact because the input key  is  known  in
                     advance,  queries whose key does not contain
                     all the information specified in the  result
                     template   are   suppressed  and  return  no
                     results.

              For  example,  using  "result_format  =  smtp:[%s]"
              allows one to use a mailHost attribute as the basis
              of a transport(5) table. After applying the  result
              format,  multiple  values are concatenated as comma
              separated strings. The expansion_limit and  parame-
              ter explained below allows one to restrict the num-
              ber of values in the result,  which  is  especially
              useful for maps that must return at most one value.

              The default value %s  specifies  that  each  result
              value should be used as is.

              This  parameter  is  available with Postfix 2.2 and
              later.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

       domain (default: no domain list)
              This is a list of domain names, paths to files,  or
              dictionaries.  When specified, only fully qualified
              search keys with  a  *non-empty*  localpart  and  a
              matching  domain  are  eligible  for lookup: 'user'
              lookups, bare domain lookups and "@domain"  lookups
              are  not  performed.  This can significantly reduce
              the query load on the PostgreSQL server.
                  domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

              It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eli-
              gible for SQL lookups.

              This  parameter  is  available with Postfix 2.2 and
              later.

              NOTE: DO NOT define  this  parameter  for  local(8)
              aliases, because the input keys are always unquali-
              fied.

       expansion_limit (default: 0)
              A limit on the  total  number  of  result  elements
              returned  (as  a  comma separated list) by a lookup
              against the map.  A setting of  zero  disables  the
              limit.  Lookups  fail with a temporary error if the
              limit is exceeded.  Setting the limit to 1  ensures
              that lookups do not return multiple values.

       Pre-Postfix 2.2 legacy interfaces:

       select_function
              This  parameter specifies a database function name.
              Example:
                  select_function = my_lookup_user_alias

              This is equivalent to:
                  query = SELECT my_lookup_user_alias('%s')

              This parameter overrides the  legacy  table-related
              fields  (described  below).  With  Postfix versions
              prior to 2.2, it also overrides the  query  parame-
              ter. Starting with Postfix 2.2, the query parameter
              has highest precedence, and this parameter is  dep-
              recated.  Please migrate to the new query interface
              as this interface is slated to be phased out.

       The following parameters (with lower precedence  than  the
       select_function  interface described above) can be used to
       build the SQL select statement as follows:

           SELECT [select_field]
           FROM [table]
           WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                 [additional_conditions]

       The specifier %s is  replaced  with  each  lookup  by  the
       lookup  key and is escaped so if it contains single quotes
       or other odd characters, it will not cause a parse  error,
       or worse, a security problem.

       Starting  with Postfix 2.2, this interface is obsoleted by
       the more  general  query  interface  described  above.  If
       higher  precedence the query or select_function parameters
       described above are defined, these parameters are ignored.
       Please  migrate  to the new query interface as this inter-
       face is slated to be phased out.

       select_field
              The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
                  select_field = forw_addr

       table  The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
                  table = mxaliases

       where_field
              The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
                  where_field = alias

       additional_conditions
              Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
                  additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

SEE ALSO
       postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
       mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables

README FILES
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
       PGSQL_README, Postfix PostgreSQL client guide

LICENSE
       The  Secure  Mailer  license must be distributed with this
       software.

HISTORY
       PgSQL support was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.

AUTHOR(S)
       Based on the MySQL client by:
       Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
       IC Group, Inc.

       Ported to PostgreSQL by:
       Aaron Sethman

       Further enhanced by:
       Liviu Daia
       Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
       P.O. BOX 1-764
       RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA

                                                                PGSQL_TABLE(5)